Hair loss can stem from many sources. Understanding the underlying factors is the first step toward an effective treatment plan. Research shows that genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences can all interact.
Androgenetic alopecia as the most common type
Androgenetic alopecia—hereditary hair loss—is the most widespread form, affecting roughly 80 percent of men and 40 percent of women during their lifetime. It is caused by a genetically driven sensitivity to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Over time, follicles shrink and produce thinner, shorter hairs. Men typically see receding temples and a thinning crown, while women experience diffuse thinning. The condition often starts in the twenties or thirties but can appear later. Family history is the strongest predictor.
Hormonal factors
Hormones play a pivotal role in hair growth. DHT is the main driver of androgenetic alopecia, shrinking follicles in predisposed individuals. Thyroid hormones also influence hair; both hyper- and hypothyroidism can trigger loss. Oestrogen protects hair, which is why a drop after pregnancy may lead to shedding. Chronically elevated stress hormones such as cortisol disturb the growth cycle. Normal testosterone levels are not the issue—personal sensitivity to DHT is.
Lifestyle and nutrition
Lifestyle directly affects hair health. Nutrient deficiencies—especially iron, vitamin D, B vitamins, protein, and zinc—can impair growth. Chronic stress can cause telogen effluvium, a diffuse shedding pattern. Sleep deprivation disrupts the body’s regeneration processes. Smoking constricts blood vessels and reduces oxygen supply to follicles. Excessive alcohol intake interferes with nutrient absorption. Crash diets and sudden weight loss can also provoke temporary hair loss.
Medication and medical conditions
Numerous health factors can contribute to shedding. Certain medications—antidepressants, beta blockers, blood thinners, or high-dose vitamin A—list hair loss as a side effect. Autoimmune diseases such as alopecia areata cause patchy bald spots. Scalp fungal infections can also lead to loss. Chronic illnesses like diabetes, lupus, or anaemia negatively impact hair health. Chemotherapy frequently causes temporary but often complete hair loss that typically reverses after treatment.
Physical and chemical stressors
External influences can damage hair. Mechanical stress from tight hairstyles can result in traction alopecia. Frequent blow-drying, straightening, or curling with heat weakens the structure. Aggressive dyes, bleaching, and perms introduce chemical stress. Long-term UV exposure also degrades hair proteins.
Finding the right treatment path
Identifying the precise cause is essential for selecting the right therapy. Review your family history to see whether hair loss is common. Observe the pattern—diffuse or localized, sudden or gradual. Blood tests can reveal hormone, iron, thyroid, and vitamin levels. When uncertain, consult a dermatologist. At orva we begin with a comprehensive quiz that highlights the most likely drivers. A Swiss physician then reviews your information and recommends the best evidence-based treatment, whether finasteride, minoxidil, personalized topicals, or other clinically proven approaches.